Appendix J - Poetry of the Macraes
The following poems are given as specimens of the language and poetry of the Macraes, and as illustrations of their social, political, and religious views in olden times: --
I.
This song, composed by Fearachar Mac Ian Oig, during his exile, was given to the author in 1890 by Alexander Macmillan, Dornie. It is given also in The Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Leaves from My Celtic Portfolio, by Mr. A. W. Mackenzie.
|
Cha ne direadh na bruthaich Na teas ri la greine Laidh a' sneachd so air m' fheusaig 'S gann is leir dhomh ni 's fhaisge, Se mo thigh mor na cregan, Se mo thubhailte m' osan, Ge do cheanaichinn am buideal 'S ged a cheanaichinn a' seipein Ged a dh' fhadinn au teine, 'S i do nigheau-sa Dhonnachaidh Te 'g am beil an cul dualach Te 'g am beil an cul bachlach Dheoin Dia cha bhi gillean Ged nach deaninn dhut fidhe 'S truagh nach robh mi 's tu 'ghoalach Ann am bothan beag barraich Agus paisdean beag leinibh 'S mi a chnamhadh an caolas Nuair a thigeadh am foghar Leis a' ghunna nach diultadh Nuair a gheibhinn cead frithe Gum biodh fuil an daimh chabraich Agus fuil a bhuic bhiorich Ach 's i do nighean-sa Dhonnachaidh |
It is not the climbing of the hills Nor the heat of a sunny day The snow has settled on my beard, Hardly can I see, nearer still, The rocks are my big house, My hose is my towel, If I were to buy a bottle, If I were to by a chopin, If I were to light a fire, It was your daughter, Duncan, She who has beautiful hair She who has curling hair God forbid that young men should make love to you Though I cannot weave for you, Would that you were with me, my love, In a small brushwood hut And a little child I would (gladly) swim the ferry When the autumn would come, with a gun that would not miss fire, When I should receive permission the blood of the antlered stag would flow and the blood of the roe-buck would flow But your daughter, Duncan, |
II.
The following lament on Ian Breac Mac Mhaighster Fearachar was taken down by Mr. Alexander Macrae, farmer, Ardelve, from the recitation of Mr. Duncan Macrae, Ardelve, and communicated to the author in 1896. The author of this poem is unknown: --
|
Gu 'm beil m'inntinn se trom, Gu 'm beil m'aigneadh fo ghruaim, An deigh cinneadh mo ruin Cha b'e bhi 'n dubhar gun ghrein 'S ann sa chlachan od shios Duin' uasal mo ghaoil 'S n' am b' fhear ealaidh mi fein Gu n robh geurchuis ni's leor 'S mor an gliocas 's an ciall Bhun an geambradh rinn teann 'S lom au snaidheadh bhou tuath Tha do chinneadh fo ghruaim Tha do dheirbhleinean broin Nise 's turseach an eigh 'S mor an aireamh, 's a chall Ghillean glacibh se ciall Tha na taice 's na treoir Tha do cheile fo sprochd B' fhiach a h' uidheam sa pris A Mhic Mhoire nan gras |
Heavy minded am I, My mind is in sadness, On account of my
beloved clan, Being in a sunless shade It was down in that graveyard My
beloved nobleman, If I were a man of talent, There was intelligence enough Great is the wisdom and the understanding The
winter visited us severely, A keen bereavement for the people, Sad were thy
clansmen Thy sad orphans Sad now is
their cry Great is their number, Young men, be prudent, Our support and strength Thy wife is downcast, Prosperous were her surroundings Son of Mary of Grace, |
III.
The following Lament for Murdoch Macrae of Inverinate, who was killed in Glenlic, is still well known in Kintail. It is given in The Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness (Vol. VIII.), Leaves from My Celtic Portfolio. by Mr. William Mackenzie.1 The author is not known: --
|
Si sealg geamhraidh Ghlinn-Lic A cheud Aoine de 'n geamhradh fhuar Tional na sgire gu leir Murachadh donn-gheal mo run Chuala mise clarach theud, Bu tu marbhaich' bhalla-bhric-bhain, Bhean uasal a thug dhut gaol Gur tuirsach do chaomh bhean og 'S tursach do chinneadh mor deas Tha Crathaich nam buailtean bo 'S tuirseach do sheachd braithrean graidh Bho thus dhiubh Donnachadh nam Pios, 'S math am fear rannsaichidh 'n t-aog, |
The winter hunt in Glenlic The first Friday of the cold winter dearly did we pay All the people of the parish The fair complexioned Murdoch of my choice, I have heard the stringed harp Thou couldst kill speckled
white trout, The gentle woman who gave
thee her love, Sad is thy gentle young wife, Sad was thy great and accomplished clan, The Macraes of the cattle folds Sad are thy seven beloved brothers-- First among them is Duncan of the
silver cups, Death is an excellent
searcher, |
IV.
The author of the following peom was Donnachadh nam Pios, writer of the Fernaig MS. It has been transliterated from the Fernaig MS. into modern spelling by Professor Mackinnon.2
|
Aon a rimeadh leis an Sgriobhair Smaoineamar an la fa dheoidh Smaoineamar na thig 'n a dheigh. Cha'n fhaodar na's mo a chleith, 'N uair sheirmear an trompaid mhor, Caochlaidh muir agus tir, Gach neach a chaidh anns an uir Nior chlosd an sin do na chuan, Breith bheir buaidh air gach breith; Gach ti a bha cur ri ole Gach ti bhios deas air a chinn Maitheam-sa dhuibhs' 'n 'ur peac'; Oir air bhi dhomhsa fo thart, Air bhi dhomh a'm choigreach cein Ach freagraidh iadsan am Breitheamh, Bheirim-sa dearbhadh dhuabh,-- Sin labhraidh 'm breitheamh os n' aird Far am bi 'n t-Abharsair am pein, Imichidh iad so gu truagh Ach imichidh buidheann a ghraidh O! eibhinn doibh-san an treis, Eibhinn bhi lathair a Bhreithimh, Eibhneas e nach faca suil, Duais is mo na gach duais, Air chor's gu'm buadhaichear i |
One by the writer on the Let us meditate on the last day Let us meditate on what must come hereafter, No longer can be concealed When the great trumpet is sounded, Sea and land shall change, All who are
buried in the dust No rest then for
the ocean, A judgment that
will surpass every judgment; Those who gave
themselves up to evil will, To those who are prepared for His coming I will
pardon your sins; For when I was
thirsty Being a stranger far away, But they will answer the judge, "I will give you a proof-- Then will the judge openly speak Where the Adversary will continue in torment, Miserably will they depart But the company of beloved ones, Oh! joyful will it be for them the while, Joyful to be in the presence of the judge, Joy which eye never beheld, Greater than all rewards is the reward That it may be
deserved, |
V.
The following poem, also by Donnachadh nam Pios, has been transliterated from the Fernaig MS. into modern spelling by George Henderson, Ph.D.3:--
|
Gne orain do rinneadh leis a sgriobhair, Ta saoghal-sa carail, Oh! Athair nan gras 'S coir dhi-s' a bhi umhailt Dhe churanta laidir Fear4 eil' 's math is eol domh Truagh nach fhaicinn thu teachd Ach thamar an duigh B'e dhuthchas bho sheanair Iomah Tighearn is post Cha chan mi na's leir dhombh . . . . . air coir dhirich Cās eile nach fas' Ach fhir 'dh'oibrich gach mioraild Is mor dh' eireas dhut a Bhreatuinn Ghaidhealn gasda Na ma lughaid 'ur misneachd Gu ma h'-amhluidh seo dh' eireas Ach tha mi dall na mo bharail |
Song composed by the writer in the year 1688. This world is deceitful, Oh! Father of Grace, It is her duty to be humble, O God, mighty and strong, Another man4 I know full well, Would that I might see thee coming But I am in hopes that the course of events It comes natural to him from his grandfather There are many lords and officials But, ye men of Scotland, I am not going to speak about all I know, (Not to speak of this)
undoubted right, Another matter, not less sad, But Thou,
the worker of all the wonders Much may happen to thee, O Britain, Ye worthy Gaels, Let this not surprise you, Let
not your courage be any the less So may it happen But
I am blind in my opinion |
VI.
Of the poets of Kintail, no one is better remembered than Ian Mac Mhurachaidh, or has left behind him a greater wealth of song. Though in comfortable circumstances, he disliked the purely mercenary relations which were beginning to grow up between landlord and people, and therefore resolved to emigrate to Carolina. The following is one of several songs which he composed in order to induce as many as possible of his countrymen to accompany him:--
|
Thanig leitir bho Ian Beitean Beagan do mhuinntir mo dhuthcha Far am faigh sinn deth gach seorsa Gheabh sinn fiadh is boc is moisleach Gheabh sinn coileach-dubh is liath chearc Gheabh sinn bradan agus ban iasg B' fhearr na bhi fuireach fo uachd'rain A ghabhadh an an aite 'n t' sheoid A ghabhadh an an aite 'n diunloaich Falbhamaid 's bitheadh beannachd Dhia leinn Falbhamaid uile gu leir
|
There cam a letter from John Bethune, which has given joy to one who has not seen it. A few of my country people where we can find every kind of the We shall find deer, buck and doe, We shall get the woodcock and the woodhen, We shall get salmon and white fish, Better far than stay under landlords who would take, instead of a good man, who would take, instead of a brave man, Let us depart, and may the blessing of God be with us; Let us depart, all of us,
|
VII.
When the ship, by which Ian Mac Mhurachaidh and so many of his countrymen were about to leave Kintail, arrived at Caileach, where it anchored, the poet invited the captain of the ship to dinner with him. When the captain saw the good cheer provided, he told the poet that he would not be able to fare so sumptuously in America, and strongly advised him to remain at home. The poet's wife and some other friends who were present also urged him to the same effect with such earnestness that his resolution was almost overcome, but he felt that, after all he had done and said, he could not desert the people he had induced to join him, and who looked up to him as their leader, so he decided, at whatever sacrifice, to go along with them; and the next song, which was probably less applicable to the poet's own circumstances than to those of some of his fellow-emigrants, was composed to cheer and encourage them as the ship was sailing away:--
|
Nise bho na thachair sinn Mhnathan togaidh an turrus oirbh Mhnathan sguiribh chubarsnaich H-uile cuis dha theannachadh, Gur iomadh latha saraicht' 'S iomadh latha dosguineach 'S beag mo speis d' an uachdaran
|
Now that we have met over a stoup and drinking-shell, Let us drink in anticipation of seeing the quarters whither we are going. Women, take courage for the voyage, Women, restrain your anxiety, Every thing is being tightened, Many a hard day Many an unfortunate day Small is my esteem for the landlord I feel inclined to go. |
VIII.
Among those who accompanied Ian Mac Mhurachaidh was a certain John Macrae -- a blacksmith -- called Ian Mac a Ghobha. The American War of Independence began almost immediately after the arrival of the Kintail emigrants in Carolina, and they unhesitatingly cast in their lot with the Loyalists. The poet now became one of the foremost, by his songs and his example, in urging his brother Highlanders to stand up in defense of what he considered to be the just rights of their King and country, and consequently, when the Americans got him into their hands they treated him with unusual severity. Ian Mac a Ghobha lost his arm in the war, and, making his way back to Scotland, eventually succeeded, after considerable difficulty, in obtaining a pension for his services. He appears to have been a man of mark in more ways than one. He possessed an excellent voice and an excellent memory, and brought back with him to Kintail several of Ian Mac Mhurachaidh's songs, which he was never tired of singing. He died at Carndu, near Dornie, in 1839, aged ninety-three. The morning after his death an old woman, who lived by herself on the other side of the sea, opposite to Kilduich, told the first neighbor she met: " 'S mi a chuala an t-sheinn bhreagh a dol a stigh a Chlachan Duthaich an raoir, 's mar eil mi air mo mhealladh se guth binn Mhic a Ghobha a bhann." -- ("What beautiful singing I heard going into Kilduich churchyard last night; if I am not mistaken, it was the sweet voice of Mac a Ghobha.") Soon afterwards the news of his death arrived.5
The following song, perhaps Ian Mac Mhurachaidh's last, was composed by him while wandering a fugitive in the primeval forest, evidently before the close of the war, as he still looks forward with hope to the arrival of Lord Cornwallis, who was forced to surrender to the French and the Americans at Yorktown on the 18th of October, 1781. It has been the song of many a Kintail emigrant since the days of Ian Mac Mhurachaidh:--
|
'S mi air fogradh bho 'n fhoghar, Ann am bothan beag barraich, Ged a tha mi s' a choille Ach 'bhi cogadh gu dileas Thoir mo shoraidh le durachd, Thoir mo shoraidh Chuitaille A'n tric a bha mi mu'n bhuideal Cha be 'n dram 'bha mi 'g iarraidh Ceud soraidh le durachd 'S tric a bha mi mu'n cuairt di. A bheinn ghorm tha ma coinneamh Sios 'us suas troimh Ghleann-Seile Gheibhte bric air an linne Tha mi nis air mo dhiteadh Ach na 'n tigeadh Cornwallis A thoirt agrios air na beistean
|
I am an exile since Autumn, building houses without smoke in them. In a little hut of brushwood, Though I am in the wood (an outlaw) except fighting loyally Take my sincere farewell Take my farewell to Kintail, Where I often sat round a bottle It was not the drink I desired A hundred sincere farewells Often was I in its vicinity The green mountain opposite to it, Up and down Glensheil Trout might be found on the pool, I am now condemned But if Cornwallis came, To scourge the wretches
|
Note. -- Several of Ian Mac Mhurachaidh's poems will be found in The Celtic Magazine (Inverness), April-August, 1882.
The following are some other Macrae poets whose Gaelic songs were at one time and in some instances still are known among Gaelic-speaking Highlanders:--
Duncan Macrae, commonly called Donnachadh Mac Alister. Only fragments of a lament for his mother and of a song to his gun appear to be known now.
Kenneth Macrae,6 of the Clann Ian Charrich tribe, and a relative of Ian Mac Ian of Torlysich. He lived at Ardelve, and was an old man at the time of the battle of Sheriffmuir, at which he was present. On his return home he composed a celebrated lament, or ballad, on the "Four Johns of Scotland", which is given in "The Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness," Vol. VIII.--Leaves from my Celtic Portfolio, by Mr. William Mackenzie.
Christopher Macrae, Sergeant in the 78th Highlanders. Some of his songs are still well known in Kintail and Lochalsh.
Donald Macrae, a weaver in the parish of Petty in Invernessshire, where he was born in 1756, and died in 1837. His father was native of Glenclchaig in Kintail. He was the author of several religious poems, which are spoken of very highly in The Literature of the Highlanders by the Rev. Nigel Macneill.
John Macrae, a schoolmaster at Sleat in Skye.
The Rev. Donald Macrae of Ness in Lewis is mentioned in Macheil's Literature of the Highlanders as a true poet, though he did not produce much. His best known song is "The Emigrant's Lament," written on the occasion of the departure of many of his congregation for Canada.
John Macrae composed, among other Gaelic songs, one of the late Professor Blackie of Edinburgh.
James Macrae of Ardroil in Lews composed several good, and sometimes humorous, Gaelic songs.
John Macrae of Timsgarry in Lews.
Duncan Macrae7 of Isle Ewe in Gairloch, a faithful follower of Prince Charles, whom he accompanied throughout the Rising of 1745, and whose retreat he assisted to cover after the defeat of Culloden, composed a well-known Gaelic song called "Oran na Feannaige" (the song of the crow). It consists of an imaginary dialogue between himself and a crow which he saw in Edinburgh while there with the Prince.
![]()
Footnotes
1. On page 383, line 8, for Mr. A. W. Mackenzie read Mr. William Mackenzie
2. Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Vol. XI.
3. See Leabhar nan Gleann, p. 271
4. Perhaps Kenneth, fourth Earl of Seaforth, who accompanied James II to France after the revolution of 1688.
5. Tradition communicated to the author by Mac a Ghobha's great-grandson Dr. Farquhar Macrae, London
6. Kenneth had a son, Alexander, about whom the following paragraph appeared in The Courier (London) of the 28th November, 1807:-- "The oldest man now living in Scotland is supposed to be a Highlander of the name of Alexander Macrae. He was born in the parish of Kintail in the year 1687, and is now, of course, just 120 years old. In the year 1719 he fought under Lord Seaforth at the battle of Glensheil, and in 1724 he enlisted as a private in the Scota Brigade, serving in Holland, where he continued seven years, the last two of which were spent in prison in some town of France, the name of which he does not remember. In 1731 he returned to his farm and married a second wife, who died a few years after. In 1765 he fell into such low circumstances that he was forced to procure a subsistence by going about from house to house reciting Ossian's poems in Gaelic. In 1773 he married his present wife, by whom he has three children, the last when he was aged ninety-six. About twelve years ago, while still very stout, he was deprived of the use of his limbs by a violent fever, and ever since has been unable to walk. He is now bedridden, deaf and blind, but his memory is still very correct. His general amusement is singing and repeating Ossian's poems in Gaelic, but he repeats so fast that it is impossible to write them down, and, if interrupted, must again return to the beginning of the poem. He appears to have been a stout-made middle-sized man, and still looks uncommonly well." The old man lived at Ardelve, and this paragraph is believed to have been communicated to the London Courier by the Rev. Lachlan Mackenzie of Lochcarron, who on one occasion, while attending a meeting of his Presbytery at Ardelve, visited him at his home. It is said that in the course of the conversation, Mr. Lachlan asked the old man if he was not afraid of death. "O dhuine bhoc," replied the old man, "nam faicadh d'thu Ceither Ianan na h' Alba folbh gu Sliabh an t' Shiorradh 's ann orra nach robh feagal roimh 'n bhas." -- (Poor man, if you had seen the four Johns of Scotland setting out for Sheriffmuir, little did they fear death).
7. This Duncan Macrae was believed to possess the gift of the Sian. This gift was supposed to enable a man, by means of an incantation, to render an object invisible until the charm was removed, except for a short time at regular intervals usually of seven years. Shortly after the Battle of Culloden, a French ship, which put in at Poolewe, left a cask of gold for the use of the Prince. According to the traditions of Gairloch, this cask was entrusted to Duncan's care, and being unable at that time to escape the vigilance of the King's troops, and convey the gold to the Prince, he hid the cask in a place in Gairloch called the Fedan Mor, making use of the Sian to render it invisible. The cask never reached the Prince. On one occasion, about 1826, the cask suddenly became visible to a shepherd's wife who was spinning there with a spindle and distaff while herding her cattle. She stuck the spindle in the ground to mark the spot, and ran hom for help to remove the reasure, but when her friends arrived at the spot neither the cask nor the distaff could be discovered. -- Dixon's Gairloch, p. 165