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A sedenion is a 16-tuple with rules for addition and multiplication. The sedenions form a 16-dimensional algebra over the reals obtained by applying the Cayley-Dickson construction to the octonions.
Communtative: No.
Associative: No.
Alternative: No. (Alternative means (xx)y=x(xy) and y(xx)=(yx)x for all x and y.)
Power-associative: Yes. (Power associative means xn is unambiguous; it doesn't matter in which order the multiplications are carried out.)
The sedenions have a multiplicative identity element 1 and multiplicative inverses, but they are not a division algebra. This is because they have zero divisors, which are nonzero numbers z1,z2 such that z1z2=0.
Every sedenion is a real linear combination of the unit sedenions 1, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12, e13, e14 and e15, which form a basis of the vector space of sedenions.
An algebra is power associative if when an element x is multiplied by itself several times, it doesn't matter in which order the multiplications are carried out. For example, x(x(xx)) = (x(xx))x = (xx)(xx). Power associativity is stronger than simply asserting x(xx)=(xx)x, because this may be true even when x((xx)x) is not equal to (xx)(xx). If an algebra is power associative, then xn has an unambiguous meaning.
Unlike quaternions, sedenions have zerodivisors, which are nonzero numbers z1,z2 such that z1z2=0. http://www.geocities.com/zerodivisor/s0divisor.html gives an example . . . . . .
| × | 1 | e1 | e2 | e3 | e4 | e5 | e6 | e7 | e8 | e9 | e10 | e11 | e12 | e13 | e14 | e15 |
| 1 | 1 | e1 | e2 | e3 | e4 | e5 | e6 | e7 | e8 | e9 | e10 | e11 | e12 | e13 | e14 | e15 |
| e1 | e1 | -1 | e3 | -e2 | e5 | -e4 | -e7 | e6 | e9 | -e8 | -e11 | e10 | -e13 | e12 | e15 | -e14 |
| e2 | e2 | -e3 | -1 | e1 | e6 | e7 | -e4 | -e5 | e10 | e11 | -e8 | -e9 | -e14 | -e15 | e12 | e13 |
| e3 | e3 | e2 | -e1 | -1 | e7 | -e6 | e5 | -e4 | e11 | -e10 | e9 | -e8 | -e15 | e14 | -e13 | e12 |
| e4 | e4 | -e5 | -e6 | -e7 | -1 | e1 | e2 | e3 | e12 | e13 | e14 | e15 | -e8 | -e9 | -e10 | -e11 |
| e5 | e5 | e4 | -e7 | e6 | -e1 | -1 | -e3 | e2 | e13 | -e12 | e15 | -e14 | e9 | -e8 | e11 | -e10 |
| e6 | e6 | e7 | e4 | -e5 | -e2 | e3 | -1 | -e1 | e14 | -e15 | -e12 | e13 | e10 | -e11 | -e8 | e9 |
| e7 | e7 | -e6 | e5 | e4 | -e3 | -e2 | e1 | -1 | e15 | e14 | -e13 | -e12 | e11 | e10 | -e9 | -e8 |
| e8 | e8 | -e9 | -e10 | -e11 | -e12 | -e13 | -e14 | -e15 | -1 | e1 | e2 | e3 | e4 | e5 | e6 | e7 |
| e9 | e9 | e8 | -e11 | e10 | -e13 | e12 | e15 | -e14 | -e1 | -1 | -e3 | e2 | -e5 | e4 | e7 | -e6 |
| e10 | e10 | e11 | e8 | -e9 | -e14 | -e15 | e12 | e13 | -e2 | e3 | -1 | -e1 | -e6 | -e7 | e4 | e5 |
| e11 | e11 | -e10 | e9 | e8 | -e15 | e14 | -e13 | e12 | -e3 | -e2 | e1 | -1 | -e7 | e6 | -e5 | e4 |
| e12 | e12 | e13 | e14 | e15 | e8 | -e9 | -e10 | -e11 | -e4 | e5 | e6 | e7 | -1 | -e1 | -e2 | -e3 |
| e13 | e13 | -e12 | e15 | -e14 | e9 | e8 | e11 | -e10 | -e5 | -e4 | e7 | -e6 | e1 | -1 | e3 | -e2 |
| e14 | e14 | -e15 | -e12 | e13 | e10 | -e11 | e8 | e9 | -e6 | -e7 | -e4 | e5 | e2 | -e3 | -1 | e1 |
| e15 | e15 | e14 | -e13 | -e12 | e11 | e10 | -e9 | e8 | -e7 | e6 | -e5 | -e4 | e3 | e2 | -e1 | -1 |
Wikipedia: Sedenion
Wikipedia: Cayley-Dickson construction explains the method of making 2n-tuples from n-tuples (e.g. making complex numbers from reals, quaternions from complex, etc.) using the multiplication definition (a,b)(c,d)=(ac-bd,ad+bc)
Fact Archive: Sedenion provides the properties and multiplication table shown in this page.
http://www.geocities.com/zerodivisor/srepresentation.html shows, using the Cayley-Dickson process, the multiplication of two sedenions, S and T, in terms of four octonions.
Complex, Quaternion, Octonion, and Sedenion numbers are n-tuples of real numbers, where n=2,4,8,16, respectively.
The webmaster and author of this Math Help site is Graeme McRae.