Contents of this section: Calculus Theorems Intermediate Value Bounded Value Extreme Value Critical Numbers Relative Extrema Rolle's Theorem Mean Value Theorem Fundamental Th. of Calc

Once you understand Limits and the definition of "Continuous Function", then you are ready to study five theorems that lead up to the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

Here's what you'll find in this section:

(Assume all functions are continuous on [a,b] and if f' is referenced, that f is differentiable on (a,b). )

1. Intermediate Value Theorem -- if k is between f(a) and f(b), then there exists a c in [a,b] such that f(c)=k.

   (This proof uses the "completeness property" of the reals)
   

2. The Bounded Value Theorem also uses the "completeness property" and is used to prove the
   Extreme Value Theorem --  that a continuous function on a closed interval has a maximum (and a minimum).
    
3. Relative Extrema Occur Only at Critical Numbers -- if c is an extremum then f'(c)=0 or f'(c) is undefined
    
4. The Extreme Value theorem and the fact that Relative Extrema Occur Only at Critical Numbers are used to prove
   Rolle's Theorem -- that if f(a)=f(b) then f'(c)=0 for some c in (a,b)
    
5. which, in turn, is used to prove the
   Mean Value Theorem -- that f'(c) = (f(a)-f(b))/(a-b) for some c in (a,b)
    
6. which is used to prove the
   Fundamental Theorem of Calculus -- if f is the derivative of F, then the integral from a to b of f(x)dx is F(b)-F(a)

Internet references

Elementary Calculus: An Approach Using Infinitesimals, by H. Jerome Keisler.

Related pages in this website

Go back to Calculus Home

Limits

Definition of Continuous

Definition of Interval -- a subset satisfying certain properties of a totally connected set such as the set of real numbers.

 

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